One level back to Philosophy of rationalism in modern times 3.3.3.3.2.1. Metaphysics of modern times One level further to Substantiality (rationalism) One level further to Philosophical Empiricism One level further to Philosophy of individuality Substantiality (rationalism) Substantiality (rationalism) 3.3.3.3.2.1.1. Substantiality (rationalism) One level further to Descartes One level further to Spinoza (Pantheism) One level further to Malebranche One level back to Substantiality (rationalism) 3.3.3.3.2.1.1.1. Descartes 3.3.3.3.2.1.1.1.1. Descartes: Thinking 3.3.3.3.2.1.1.1.2. Descartes: Extension One level further to Descartes: Thinking One level further to Descartes: Extension One level back to Substantiality (rationalism) 3.3.3.3.2.1.1.2. Spinoza One level back to Substantiality (rationalism) 3.3.3.3.2.1.1.3. Malebranche Philosophical Empiricism Philosophical Empiricism 3.3.3.3.2.1.2. Philosophical Empiricism One level further to Locke and Hugo Grotius One level further to Hobbes, Cudworth, Pufendorf One level further to Newton One level back to Philosophical Empiricism 3.3.3.3.2.1.2.1. Locke and Hugo Grotius One level back to Philosophical Empiricism 3.3.3.3.2.1.2.2. Hobbes, Cudworth, Pufendorf One level back to Philosophical Empiricism 3.3.3.3.2.1.2.3. Newton Philosophy of individuality Philosophy of individuality 3.3.3.3.2.1.3. Philosophy of individuality One level further to Leibniz One level further to Wolff (systematic Leibniz) One level further to Mendelson, Eberhard, Nikolai (popular philosophy) One level back to Philosophy of individuality 3.3.3.3.2.1.3.1. Leibniz 3.3.3.3.2.1.3.1.1. Leibniz: Monade 3.3.3.3.2.1.3.1.2. Monads 3.3.3.3.2.1.3.1.3. Monad of the Monads One level further to Leibniz: Monade One level further to Monads One level further to Monad of the Monads One level back to Philosophy of individuality 3.3.3.3.2.1.3.2. Wolff One level back to Philosophy of individuality 3.3.3.3.2.1.3.3. Mendelson, Eberhard, Nikolai

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Metaphysics of modern times